Fats,oil and waxes belong to a group of naturally occurring compound called as Lipids. Waxes are lipids, which on hydrolysis yield a long chain fatty acid and a long chain monohydric alcohol. The waxes differ from fats in that they are not esters of glycerol but rather they are esters of numbered monohydric primary alcohol. Each wax cahin even therefore contains only a single ester group as against three in fats. Fats and oils are lipids, which on hydrolysis yield a long chain fatty acids and glycerol. Fats and oils are differ from each other in the degree of unsaturation of the constituent fatty acids. When degree of unsaturation is more, the compounds tends to be in lipid state and is reffered to as oil, while those with low degree of unsaturation are solids and are reffered to as fats. How Lipids are degested in the body- Lipids are digested mainly in the amall intenstine Lipase present in the stomach is unable to hydrolyze fat owing to the high acidity of gastric content. Therefore, major part of the ingested fat is digested in the small intestine. The ingested fat reaching the duodenum is mixed with the bile and pancreatic juice, which contain lipase. The bile salts emulsify that before the action of lipase. The emulsification is also brought about by monoglycerides, phosphlipids and lysolecithin. The pancreatic juice also contains phosholipase and cholesterol esterase, which phosholipids and esterified cholesterol. In this way lipids are digested in the body.
Glycolipids-
Glycolipids are the compound lipids containing an amino alcohol attached with an amide linkage to a fatty acid and glycosidically to a carbohydrate moiety. They are of two types- a) Cerbrocides b) Gangliosides Lipoproteins- These are the compound lipids found in plasma and cell membrane. The lipid constituents of lipoproteins are mostly esterified cholesterol and phosholipids. The most important role of lipoproteins in the body is to transport and deliver the lipids to tissue and to maintain the structural integrity of cell surface and subcellular particles like mitochondria and microsomes. The four major groups have been identified
a) Chylomicrons
b) Very Low Density Lipoproteins
c) Low Density Lipoproteins
d) High Density Lipoproteins
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