Analysis of proteins and enzymes of blood are used to diagnose disease, eg. Plasma protein electrophoresis and plasma albumin;Globulin ratio is a part of liver function test.
Electrophoresis of plasma is used to diagnose Hyperlipoproteinmias and immune disorder.
Renal disease like Nephritis is diagnosed by detection of significant proteinnuria as normal urine is free from proteins.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEINS-
1) Simple proteins
2) Conjugated proteins
3) Derived proteins
BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF PROTEINS-
1) Proteins are essential for life process.
2) Proteins are one of the important component of diet required for maintaining growth and healthy functioning of body and plays an important role in cell function and cell structure.
3) Enzymes and hormones are proteins in nature.
4) Proteins execute their activity in the transport of oxygen and by haemoglobin and special enzymes in the red cells.
5) They are involved in blood clotting through thrombin and other protein factors.
6) Proteins also play the role in diagnosis of disease
7) Proteins act as receptors and transporters in a cell.
What is Metabolism-
Metabolism is a process in which biochemical changes occur in body , facilitating the exchange of matter and energy between cell or organism and its environment. It primarily consist of two opposite processes viz. anabolism & catabolism.
Importance of Metabolism-
Chemical energy is obtained from the fuel molecules or from food material in the form of ATP by metabolism of carbohydrates fats and proteins. The dietary nutrients are utilized as a building block for synthesis of new molecules eg. Carbohydrates are catabolised in the body for the production of energy for normal activity of body. Fat metabolism results in the synthesis of cell membrane to some extent. Protein metabolism result in the production of energy.
Cholesterol and disease related to cholesterol-
Cholesterol is the most abundantly found lipid in human body. Large amount of cholesterol are found in brain and nervous tissue. Since it is not synthesized in plants directly ; cholesterol is obtained only from animal sources like meat, brain liver and egg yolk. Chlosterol is synthesized mainly in liver, adrenal cortex, intestine, testes and skin.
In liver, cholesterol is converted to cholic acid which on combination with glycine and faurius forms bile acids.
Chlosterol is transported in blood in association with lipoprotein high blood cholesterol level is associated with coronary heart disease and Arteriosclerosis.
Blood-
Blood is connective tissue which circulates in a closed system of vessels and consist of solid elements known as cells which includes red cells, white cells and platelets suspended in a liquid medium the plasma.
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